With the rapid advancement of embedded systems and the Internet of Things (IoT), the ESP8266/ESP32 series of Wi-Fi modules has gained popularity due to its user-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Recently, Espressif introduced its successor, the ESP8685 Wi-Fi module, an upgrade to transform the world of connected devices. 

The ESP8685 microcontroller is a powerful microcontroller for IOT projects. One of the key features of the ESP8685 is its Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), which allows it to read analog inputs. In today's article we will understand the ESP8685 ADC, we will discuss how it works and how we can effectively use it in your projects.

ESP8685

ESP8685 is a powerful, generic Wi-Fi and Bluetooth LE module that has a rich set of peripherals and ultra-low-power, highly integrated SoC solution based on an MCU. This controller is suitable for a wide range of applications, including smart home devices, industrial automation, wearables, and various other IoT applications.

Pin Layout of ESP8685:

The diagram below shows the pin configuration of the ESP8685:

The ESP8685 comes with an ultra-low-power SoC with a RISC-V single-core CPU, supporting IEEE 802.11b/g/n (2.4 GHz WiFi). It comes with either 2MB (ESP8685H2) or 4MB (ESP8685H4) flash memory in a compact 4×4mm QFN package.

For a more detailed understanding of the architecture, please refer to the ESP8685 datasheet.

Let’s discuss the Features of ESP8685:

WIFI

• The ESP8685 complies with IEEE 802.11b/g/n WiFi standards.

• It supports 20MHz and 40MHz bandwidths in the 2.4 GHz frequency range.

• Includes Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) functionality.

CPU and Memory 

• Powered by a 32-bit RISC-V single-core processor, capable of running up to 160MHz. 

• Core Mark® score: – 1 core at 160 MHz achieves 407.22 Core Mark, equating to 2.55 Core Mark/MHz.

• Equipped with 384KB ROM. 

• Contains 400 KB SRAM, with 16KB reserved for cache.

Advanced Peripheral Interfaces

Includes 15 programmable GPIOs.

Digital interfaces: 

• 3× SPI (with SPI0 and SPI1 used for connecting the SiP flash, leaving SPI2 available for use). 

• 2× UART 

• 1× I2C 

• 1× I2S 

• Remote control interface featuring 2 transmit channels and 2 receive channels. 

• LED PWM controller supporting up to 6 channels. 

• Full-speed USB Serial/JTAG controller.

Analog interfaces: 

• 2× 12-bit SAR ADCs, supporting up to 6 channels. 

• 1× temperature sensor.

Timers: 

• Features with 2× 54-bit general-purpose timers. 

• Has 3× watchdog timers. 

• Featuring 1× 52-bit system timer.

Security

• Features secure boot technology. 

• Supports flash encryption. 

• Includes a 4096-bit OTP, with up to 1792 bits available for use. 

• Offers cryptographic hardware acceleration.

What is an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter)?

An Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is an electronic device that converts analog signals into digital signals. This process is crucial for microcontrollers, which operate in the digital domain, to interface with the analog sensors or values. Sensors like temperature sensors, light sensors, and potentiometers typically output analog signals, which need to be converted to digital to be processed by the microcontroller.

Key Features of the ESP8685 ADC

10-bit resolution: This provides 1024 different values for representing the analog input, allowing for accurate readings.

Multiple input channels: The ESP8685 ADC supports multiple pins, enabling it to read signals from various sensors.

High sampling rate: This ensures that the ADC can quickly convert analog signals to digital values, which is essential for real-time applications.

How the ESP8685 ADC Works

The ADC on the ESP8685 works by reading the analog input signal at regular intervals and converting these samples into digital values. The 10-bit resolution means that the input voltage is divided into 1024 discrete levels, providing a digital output that corresponds to the analog input voltage.

How to use the ESP8685 ADC:

• Setup the ADC: Initialize the ADC in your code, specifying the pin to which your analog sensor is connected.

• Read the analog input: Use the appropriate function to read the analog value from the specified pin.

• Process the data: Convert the raw digital value to a meaningful physical quantity (e.g., temperature, light intensity) based on the sensor's characteristics.

Let's read Analog value from Potentiometer:

Hardware Setup:

Connect the middle pin of the potentiometer to an analog input pin on the ESP8685 (e.g., GPIO36).

Connect the other two pins to VCC (3.3V) and GND, respectively.

Code:

#include <Arduino.h>

const int potPin = 36;  // Pin connected to the potentiometer

void setup() {

 Serial.begin(115200);

 analogReadResolution(10);  // Set ADC resolution to 10 bits

}

void loop() {

 int potValue = analogRead(potPin);  // Read the analog value

 float voltage = potValue * (3.3 / 1023.0);  // Convert to voltage

 Serial.print("Analog Value: ");

 Serial.print(potValue);

 Serial.print(" - Voltage: ");

 Serial.println(voltage);

 delay(500);  // Wait for half a second before the next reading

}

Applications of ESP8685

• Smart Home

• Industrial Automation

• Health Care

• Consumer Electronics

• Smart Agriculture

• Audio Device

Conclusion:

The ESP8685 is combined with advanced features, low power consumption, and affordability, making it a good choice for embedded/IOT developers. For those working with analog inputs, the ESP8685 ADC is an invaluable tool. Whether your project involves a simple potentiometer or multiple sensors, understanding how to use the ADC effectively is important. By following the above article, you can accurately read and process analog signals.

Also refer to the ESP8685 datasheet to fully understand capabilities and limitations of the ADC. For all your microcontroller needs, including the ESP32, ESP8266, ESP8685, and other electronic components, visit Campus Component today.

In implementing the communication protocol for Internet of Things (IoT), Bluetooth communication plays an important role in communicating devices fast. Whether it's your smartwatch connected with your phone or your fitness tracker, Bluetooth technology enables these interactions. In this blog post, we will discuss the reading and writing of Bluetooth signals using the SIMCOM-GATT Server, so that you can use the full potential of Bluetooth-enabled devices.

What is GATT?

GATT stands for Generic Attribute Profile. It's like a rule to be followed for Bluetooth devices to share data using Services and Characteristics. It’s a data sharing Attribute Protocol where devices store their data with short IDs. GATT starts working once two devices are connected after they've finished their initial "handshake" process. GATT connections are like VIP passes. Only one device can connect to another at a time. Once a connection is made, the device stops announcing itself to others until the connection is over. When devices are connected, they can send data back and forth, sharing information easily. In this blog we will see how to start a GATT server and Read and Write Data onto it.

Requirements

1. SIMCOM Wireless Solution A7672S-FASE (with GNSS + BLE )

A7672S FASE is the LTE Cat 1 module that supports wireless communication modes of LTE-FDD/GSM/GPRS/EDGE. A7672S supports maximum 10 Mbps downlink rate and 5 Mbps uplink rate. A7672S adopts LCC+LGA form factor and is compatible with SIM7000/SIM7070 series (NB/Cat M modules), and SIM800A/SIM800F series (2G modules), which enables smooth migration from 2G/NB/Cat M products to LTE Cat 1 products, and greatly facilitates more compatible product design for the customer needs.

A7672S supports both multiple built-in network protocols and the drivers for main operating systems (USB driver for Windows, Linux and Android). The software functions, AT commands are compatible with the SIM800 series modules. A7672S also supports BLE* and GNSS* and it integrates abundant industrial standard interfaces with powerful expansibility, such as UART, USB, I2C and GPIO, which makes it perfectly suitable for main IOT applications such as telematics, POS, surveillance devices, industrial routers, and remote diagnostics etc.

A7672S(with GNSS + BLE ) Advantages:

• Compact size with abundant interfaces.

• Supports BLE and GNSS functions.

• Abundant software functions: FOTA, LBS, SSL.

• Form factor is compatible with the SIM7000/SIM7070 series.

2. SIMCOM AT Command Tester Tool

AT Command Tester for Simcom Modules is a desktop software that communicates with all Simcom Module devices using AT Commands. Download here.

3. nRF Connect for Mobile Application

nRF Connect for Mobile is a powerful generic tool that allows you to scan and connect your Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices and communicate with them. nRF Connect supports a number of Bluetooth SIG adopted profiles together with Device Firmware Update profile (DFU) from Nordic Semiconductors and Mcu Manager on Zephyr and Mynewt. Download this app from here.

Now our Requirements are fulfilled lets now create a GATT server and Read and Write data:

Follow the below steps to perform operations on GATT server using SIMCOM A7672s 4Gmodule:

1. Power up the 4G module.

2. Connect it to your laptop.

3. Open the Simcom AT Command Tester Tool.

4. Select the AT port option and open the port.

After successfully opening the port, follow the following AT sequence:

1. To check the host name: AT + BLEHOST?

2. To change the host name: AT+BLEHOST= “CampusComponent BLE”

3. POWER UP the BLE: AT+BLEPOWER=1, this will take some time.

4. Register a GATT server by this command: AT+BLEREG, wait till you get the response with a name of the server such as “ABCDEF00”.

Lets now set the parameters for our GATT server:

1. AT+BLESSAD=0, “1802”, 30, 1, 4

2. AT+BLESCAD=0, “2A06”, 4, 38, 3

3. AT+BLESSDAD=0, “2902”, 4, 0

Now let's start our server:

1. AT + BLESSTART = 0,0

2. AT+BLESLSTART = 0

After this open the nRF connect application on your mobile phone

• At the top right corner of the application you will find an option for “Start Scanning”.

• After scanning you can find your BLE name as “CampusComponent BLE” connect it.

• After the connection is successfully established, you will get a AT command response on your laptop screen as follow: +BLESCON:1, ABCDEF00, 54, 29, 28: C5: 5F:24,1

• On your mobile app:

1. Click on Immediate alert

2. On side of your BLE name there are two arrows: Downward arrow use for Reading the Data and Upward arrow is use for Writing the data

To Read the data:

• Click on Read i.e Downward Arrow

• Then send the AT command AT+BLERSP=0, “HEX(123489)’

• On the application you will be able to see the Send Value.

• Same process follows for Writing the Data.

Conclusion

Thus we have successfully started our GATT server and did the Reading and Writing of the data on the server. We have used the SIMCOM AT command Tester tool to send AT commands and started the server and connected the server by using nRF connect mobile app. Using the app we are able to send and receive the data over SIMCOM A7672s BLE. By using this GATT server over BLE you can establish communication in your IOT Device seamlessly. This protocol can be used in various applications like Home automation, Agritech, Industrial IOT, etc. If you are looking to implement a BLE GATT server in your IOT application and want the SIMCOM modules then checkout the best electronic components online store - Campus Component now.

In today's fast-paced world, communication is key. Traditional notice boards are getting a tech-savvy upgrade with the integration of ESP32-C6 and dot matrix LED displays. In this blog post, we'll create a Smart Notice Board that combines the power of ESP32-C6 with the dot matrix LED display. Get ready to transform your notice board into an intelligent, interactive board!

The traditional methods of writing the notice on paper, and having a person deliver the information to the respective groups, are prone to errors. The person delivering could deliver it to the wrong group, or tamper with the information being sent, etc.

With the electronics industry moving at a fast pace, we are able to solve many such problems with digital replacements. Our project aims at eliminating the use of paper in offices, schools & colleges, and other institutions which are used for the purpose of notice boards. It also minimizes the risk of errors, by replacing paper with Dot Matrix LED displays.

In this tutorial, we will understand how to make a Web Controlled Smart Notice Board with ESP32-C6 & Dot Matrix LED Display.

Project Overview

In this project, the ESP32-C6 WiFi Module can be interfaced with an 8-in-1 MAX7219 Dot Matrix LED Display. The ESP32-C6 connects to a WiFi Network and generates a Web page. We can access the web page using the local IP Address of ESP32-C6. Using the Web Dashboard, we can send any message and display it on Dot Matrix LED Display.

Material Requirements:

With the use of GSM data can be sent to a web server via HTTP using POST/GET. This allows us to connect any Embedded or IOT applications and other sensors to the Internet at a reasonable price if Ethernet, LoRa or WiFi is not available at the site. In This article we will learn how to send a HTTP request with the A7672S using AT commands.

The AS7672 GSM module is a powerful tool that enables seamless integration of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technology into electronic projects. In this blog post, we'll deep dive into the step-by-step process of performing HTTP GET requests using the A7672S GSM module, unlocking a world of possibilities for your IoT (Internet of Things) applications.

Project Overview

In this project the GSM module i.e A7672S is interfaced with Microcontroller, and the server connection is established by the AT commands passed by microcontroller to the GSM module. By performing GET requests we can get the information stored on our server and also download files, or images, etc.

Hardware Requirements

SIM7672S is the LTE Cat 1 module which supports wireless communication modes of LTE-FDD/GSM/GPRS/EDGE.It supports maximum 10 Mbps downlink rate and 5 Mbps uplink rate. 

Meanwhile A7672S integrates abundant industrial standard interfaces with powerful expansibility, such as UART, USB, I2C and GPIO, which makes it perfectly suitable for main IOT applications such as telematics, surveillance devices, industrial routers, and remote diagnostics etc.

Hardware Connection

1. Connect the A7672S to ESP32 via UART pins i.e RX pin to TX and TX pin to Rx.

2. Connect a proper power supply to ensure the module turns on.

After successfully making the connections we will code the ESP32 so the whole process gets automated.

Copy the following code and paste in Arduino IDE and select ESP32 Dev Module, further compile the code and upload it:

1. Initialize the GSM Module:

Write a simple Arduino sketch to initialize the GSM module. This includes configuring the necessary parameters such as baud rate, communication pins, and other settings

#include <SoftwareSerial.h> 

SoftwareSerial gsmSerial(7, 8); // RX, TX 

void setup()

{ Serial.begin(9600); 

gsmSerial.begin(9600); // Initialize the GSM module 

gsmSerial.println("AT"); 

delay(1000); 

while(gsmSerial.available()) 

{ Serial.write(gsmSerial.read()); } } 

2. Configure Internet Settings:

Configure the APN (Access Point Name) settings for your cellular network provider. This information is crucial for establishing an internet connection through the GSM module.

void setup() {

// Set the APN for your cellular network provider gsmSerial.println("AT+CGDCONT=1,\"IP\",\"your_apn\""); 

delay(1000); 

while(gsmSerial.available()) 

{ Serial.write(gsmSerial.read()); } } 

//Replace "your_apn" with the correct APN for your cellular network provider.

3. Perform HTTP GET Request:

Now, it's time to send an HTTP GET request. This example sends a request to a server with an endpoint "/data" and displays the response.

void setup() 

{ 

// Perform HTTP GET request 

gsmSerial.println("AT+HTTPINIT"); 

delay(1000); 

while(gsmSerial.available()) 

{ Serial.write(gsmSerial.read()); } gsmSerial.println("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://your_server.com/data\""); 

delay(1000); 

while(gsmSerial.available()) 

{ Serial.write(gsmSerial.read()); } 

gsmSerial.println("AT+HTTPACTION=0"); 

delay(10000); // Adjust delay based on server response time 

while(gsmSerial.available()) 

{ Serial.write(gsmSerial.read()); } 

gsmSerial.println("AT+HTTPTERM"); 

delay(1000); 

while(gsmSerial.available()) 

{ Serial.write(gsmSerial.read()); } 

} 

//Replace "http://your_server.com/data" with the actual URL you want to request.

After Successfully compiling and Uploading you will get the following response on Serial Monitor for the performed GET requests.

Conclusion

By following these steps, you can successfully perform HTTP GET requests using the A7672S GSM module. This opens up opportunities for creating IoT devices, remote monitoring systems, and much more. Experiment with different commands and explore the capabilities of the GSM module to your specific project requirements.

In the ever-evolving landscape of smart home technology and IOT, One great application is Bluetooth-enabled smart bulb using the ESP32 Wroom-32E module.

In this article we will see a tutorial to build a Bluetooth enabled Smart Bulb using ESP32 Wroom 32E Module. This innovative project allows you to control your home lighting system effortlessly via your smartphone. In this blog post, we'll explore the key components, functionalities, and step-by-step guide to building your own wireless bulb.

An ESP32 microcontroller can be used to control a light bulb over Bluetooth by using a relay to switch the power to the bulb on and off. The ESP32 can be programmed to listen for Bluetooth commands and use its digital output pin to control the relay.

Let’s now discuss the construction requirements for this project:

Components Needed For This Project

1. ESP32 Wroom-32E Module

2. LED Bulb

3. Relay Module

4. Jumper Wires

5. Breadboard

6. And, Bluetooth enabled Smartphone

Building the Circuit:

• Connect the (-) pin of the relay to the GND pin of the ESP32 board

• Connect the (+) pin of the relay to the 3.3V pin of the ESP32 board

• Connect the (S) pin of the relay to the GPIO23 pin of the ESP32 board

• Connect the (ON) pin of the relay to one of the lamp terminals

• Connect the (COM) pin of the relay to the electrical source

• Connect the other terminal of the lamp to the electrical source.

Complete code:

#include "BluetoothSerial.h"

#if !defined(CONFIG_BT_ENABLED) || !defined(CONFIG_BLUEDROID_ENABLED)

#error Bluetooth is not enabled! Please run `make menuconfig` to and enable it

#endif

BluetoothSerial SerialBT;

int received;// received value will be stored in this variable

char receivedChar;// received value will be stored as CHAR in this variable

const char turnON ='a';

const char turnOFF ='b';

const int LEDpin = 23;

void setup() {

 Serial.begin(115200);

 SerialBT.begin("Campus_Component"); //Bluetooth device name

 Serial.println("The device started, now you can pair it with bluetooth!");

 Serial.println("To turn ON send: a");//print on serial monitor 

 Serial.println("To turn OFF send: b"); //print on serial monitor 

 pinMode(LEDpin, OUTPUT);

}

void loop() {

 receivedChar =(char)SerialBT.read();

 if (Serial.available()) {

 SerialBT.write(Serial.read());

 }

 if (SerialBT.available()) {

 SerialBT.print("Received:");// write on BT app

 SerialBT.println(receivedChar);// write on BT app 

 Serial.print ("Received:");//print on serial monitor

 Serial.println(receivedChar);//print on serial monitor 

 //SerialBT.println(receivedChar);//print on the app 

 //SerialBT.write(receivedChar); //print on serial monitor

 if(receivedChar == turnON)

 {

 SerialBT.println("LED ON:");// write on BT app

 Serial.println("LED ON:");//write on serial monitor

 digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH);// turn the LED ON

 }

 if(receivedChar == turnOFF)

 {

 SerialBT.println("LED OFF:");// write on BT app

 Serial.println("LED OFF:");//write on serial monitor

 digitalWrite(LEDpin, LOW);// turn the LED off 

 }

 }

 delay(20);

}

After Compiling successfully the above code in Arduino IDE  upload it to ESP32 Wroom 32E module

Working Process

• You program your ESP32 microcontroller using Arduino IDE or another compatible environment.

• The code includes configurations for Bluetooth  communication.

• In code, we define Bluetooth characteristics. For example,  "LED Control" to represent the state of the LED (on/off).

• Here we will use a Bluetooth Terminal app on a smartphone.

•                                                                                                                                                  

• The app discovers nearby Bluetooth devices, including your ESP32, and establishes a connection.

• In the app after pairing with ESP32, we will send “turnON” and “turnoff”.

• When a user sends the functions in the app to control the LED, the app sends a command over Bluetooth to the corresponding characteristic on the ESP32.

• The ESP32 receives the Bluetooth command.

• ESP32 firmware processes the command and updates the GPIO pin connected to the LED based on the received command.

• For example, if the command is “turnON”, the code sets the GPIO pin high to turn on the LED.

• The state of the LED is now controlled by the ESP32 in response to Bluetooth commands from the smartphone app.

• If the user sends “turnoff”, the app sends a command to the ESP32, which updates the GPIO pin to turn off the LED.

• You can now test the setup by interacting with the smartphone app and observing the corresponding changes in the LED's state.

That’s it you finally made an IoT project where we can control the Bulb wirelessly using ESP32’s Bluetooth.

Conclusion

In this blog post, we've learned how to create a Bluetooth-enabled smart bulb using the ESP32 Wroom 32E module. With the right components, programming skills, and a passion for innovation, you can build more applications as needed. 

We can make different projects using ESP32 Wroom 32E Bluetooth module, eg. in smart agriculture, smart homes, and many applications related to large industries.If you are looking for electronic components and different microcontrollers from Espressif, Arduino, and many more, reach out to electronics components suppliers in india- Campus Component today!

Over-The-Air (OTA) firmware updates are a crucial aspect of embedded systems, allowing developers to remotely update software on devices without physical access. One of the best things about ESP32 is that its firmware can be updated wirelessly. This kind of programming is called “Over-The-Air” (OTA). In this blog post, we will explore the process of performing OTA firmware updates over ESP32, ESP32 is a popular microcontroller-based development board with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities. 

Follow this step-by-step guide to ensure a seamless and efficient OTA update process for your ESP32-based devices.

What is OTA Programming in ESP32?

OTA programming allows for updating/uploading new programs to the ESP-WROOM-32 over Wi-Fi without the need for a USB connection to a computer.

It provides a wireless method to perform program updates on the ESP32 module.

Benefits of OTA Programming

Convenience: OTA programming proves advantageous when physical access to the ESP module is not feasible or practical.

Time-saving: It reduces the time required to update each ESP module during maintenance, as updates can be performed remotely.

Advantages of OTA Programming

Centralized Updates: OTA programming enables a single central location to send updates to multiple ESP32 modules connected to the same network.

Scalability: The ability to update multiple ESPs simultaneously streamlines the update process for large-scale deployments.

*The only requirement is to include OTA code in every code you want to do OTA to enable OTA functionality for more future updates.

There are 3 Simple Steps for Implementing Basic OTA with the ESP32

1. Writing Main Code with Basic OTA Function

In the first step we will write a main code with a function of Basic OTA. 

*Refer the below code:

#include <WiFi.h>

#include <ESPmDNS.h>

#include <WiFiUdp.h>

#include <ArduinoOTA.h>

const char* ssid = "..........";

const char* password = "..........";

void setup() {

 Serial.begin(115200);

 Serial.println("Booting");

 WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);

 WiFi.begin(ssid, password); // change to your SSID and Password

 while (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED) {

 Serial.println("Connection Failed! Rebooting...");

 delay(5000);

 ESP.restart();

 }

 // Port defaults to 3232

 // ArduinoOTA.setPort(3232);

 // Hostname defaults to esp3232-[MAC]

 // ArduinoOTA.setHostname("myesp32");

 // No authentication by default

 // ArduinoOTA.setPassword("admin");

 // Password can be set with it's md5 value as well

 // MD5(admin) = 21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3

 // ArduinoOTA.setPasswordHash("21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3");

 ArduinoOTA

 .onStart([]() {

 String type;

 if (ArduinoOTA.getCommand() == U_FLASH)

 type = "sketch";

 else // U_SPIFFS

 type = "filesystem";

 // NOTE: if updating SPIFFS this would be the place to unmount SPIFFS using SPIFFS.end()

 Serial.println("Start updating " + type);

 })

 .onEnd([]() {

 Serial.println("\nEnd");

 })

 .onProgress([](unsigned int progress, unsigned int total) {

 Serial.printf("Progress: %u%%\r", (progress / (total / 100)));

 })

 .onError([](ota_error_t error) {

 Serial.printf("Error[%u]: ", error);

 if (error == OTA_AUTH_ERROR) Serial.println("Auth Failed");

 else if (error == OTA_BEGIN_ERROR) Serial.println("Begin Failed");

 else if (error == OTA_CONNECT_ERROR) Serial.println("Connect Failed");

 else if (error == OTA_RECEIVE_ERROR) Serial.println("Receive Failed");

 else if (error == OTA_END_ERROR) Serial.println("End Failed");

 });

 ArduinoOTA.begin();

 Serial.println("Ready");

 Serial.print("IP address: ");

 Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

}

void loop() {

 ArduinoOTA.handle(

Due to the absence of OTA upgrade capability in the ESP32's factory image, it is necessary to initially load the OTA firmware onto the ESP32 using a serial interface. That’s why It is required to first upload the firmware serially in order to perform subsequent updates over-the-air.

The ESP32 add-on for the Arduino IDE includes an OTA library as well as a BasicOTA example. Simply navigate to File > Examples > ArduinoOTA > BasicOTA.

Next, launch the Serial Monitor with a baud rate of 115200 and press the EN button on the ESP32. Assuming everything is functioning properly, you will observe the dynamic IP address assigned by your router. Take note of this IP address for future reference.

3. Uploading New Sketch Over-the-Air i.e OTA

Now, it's time to perform an over-the-air upload of a new sketch.

Keep in mind that including the OTA code in each sketch is crucial. Failure to do so will result in the loss of OTA capability, preventing you from performing future over-the-air uploads. 

To ensure OTA functionality, it is advised to modify the previous code to incorporate your new code. As an illustration, we will integrate a basic Blink sketch into the existing Basic OTA code.

*Refer Below Code:

#include <WiFi.h>

#include <ESPmDNS.h>

#include <WiFiUdp.h>

#include <ArduinoOTA.h>

const char* ssid = "..........";

const char* password = "..........";

//variabls for blinking an LED with Millis

const int led = 2; // ESP32 Pin to which onboard LED is connected

unsigned long previousMillis = 0;  // will store last time LED was updated

const long interval = 1000;  // interval at which to blink (milliseconds)

int ledState = LOW;  // ledState used to set the LED

void setup() {

pinMode(led, OUTPUT); 

 Serial.begin(115200);

 Serial.println("Booting");

 WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);

 WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

 while (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED) {

 Serial.println("Connection Failed! Rebooting...");

 delay(5000);

 ESP.restart();

 }

 // Port defaults to 3232

 // ArduinoOTA.setPort(3232);

 // Hostname defaults to esp3232-[MAC]

 // ArduinoOTA.setHostname("myesp32");

 // No authentication by default

 // ArduinoOTA.setPassword("admin");

 // Password can be set with it's md5 value as well

 // MD5(admin) = 21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3

 // ArduinoOTA.setPasswordHash("21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3");

 ArduinoOTA

 .onStart([]() {

 String type;

 if (ArduinoOTA.getCommand() == U_FLASH)

 type = "sketch";

 else // U_SPIFFS

 type = "filesystem";

 // NOTE: if updating SPIFFS this would be the place to unmount SPIFFS using SPIFFS.end()

 Serial.println("Start updating " + type);

 })

 .onEnd([]() {

 Serial.println("\nEnd");

 })

 .onProgress([](unsigned int progress, unsigned int total) {

 Serial.printf("Progress: %u%%\r", (progress / (total / 100)));

 })

 .onError([](ota_error_t error) {

 Serial.printf("Error[%u]: ", error);

 if (error == OTA_AUTH_ERROR) Serial.println("Auth Failed");

 else if (error == OTA_BEGIN_ERROR) Serial.println("Begin Failed");

 else if (error == OTA_CONNECT_ERROR) Serial.println("Connect Failed");

 else if (error == OTA_RECEIVE_ERROR) Serial.println("Receive Failed");

 else if (error == OTA_END_ERROR) Serial.println("End Failed");

 });

 ArduinoOTA.begin();

 Serial.println("Ready");

 Serial.print("IP address: ");

 Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

}

void loop() {

 ArduinoOTA.handle(); 

 //loop to blink without delay

 unsigned long currentMillis = millis();

 if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval) {

 // save the last time you blinked the LED

 previousMillis = currentMillis;

 // if the LED is off turn it on and vice-versa:

 ledState = not(ledState);

 // set the LED with the ledState of the variable:

 digitalWrite(led,  ledState);

 }

}

* It's important to note that the delay() function has not been utilized to control the LED blinking. This can result in missed OTA requests, potentially causing interruptions in the program execution.

After copying the above sketch to your Arduino IDE, navigate to Tools > Port option. Look for: esp32-xxxxxx at your_esp_ip_address. If you are unable to locate it, just restart your IDE.

Select the appropriate port and click on the Upload button. The new sketch will be swiftly uploaded within a few seconds. As a result, the on-board LED will initiate its blinking pattern.

Applications of Firmware OTA using ESP32

Firmware OTA is the most required application for the deployed IoT devices. The requirement of devices having OTA enabled is increasing day-by-day.

There are several applications where the OTA is in much need such as:

1. Industrial Automation

2. Home Automation

3. Wearable Devices

4. Remote Sensing and Monitoring

Conclusion

OTA updates not only save time and resources but also provide a path to enhance features, fix bugs, and improve security without physical access to the devices. So, embrace the power of OTA updates and keep your ESP32-based devices up to date effortlessly!

If you are looking for ESP32, WiFi or Bluetooth modules, or different microcontrollers from brands such as Espressif and Ai-Thinker to implement above project or you are looking for microcontrollers and different sensors or any project guidance reach out to us at Campus Component today!

In the rapid development of Embedded systems and IoT (Internet of Things), the ESP8266 series of Wi-Fi modules has become popular for its ease of use and affordability. Recently Espressif launched its successor, i.e., the ESP8685 Wi-Fi module, which is a powerful upgrade to revolutionize the world of connected devices. In this blog post, we'll discuss in depth details of the ESP8685, exploring its features, advantages, and its potential impact on the IoT.

What is ESP8685?

ESP8685 is an ultra-low-power and highly-integrated MCU-based SoC solution that supports 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi and Bluetooth® Low Energy (Bluetooth LE). It is a powerful and versatile chip that can be used in a wide variety of applications, including smart home devices, industrial automation, and wearables and all types of IoT application. The block diagram of ESP8685 is shown below.

Pin Layout of ESP8685:

Below diagram shows the Pin Definition of ESP8685

It comes with Ultra Low Power SoC with RISC-V Single-Core CPU Supporting IEEE 802.11b/g/n (2.4 GHz WiFi) and Bluetooth® 5 (LE) 2MB(ESP8685H2) or 4MB(ESP8685H4) flash in the 4×4mm QFN package.

Refer ESP8685 datasheet for more details on Architecture.

Let’s See the Features of ESP8685:

WIFI

1) ESP8685 has IEEE 802.11b/g/n-compliant WiFi.

2) It Supports 20MHz, 40MHz bandwidth in the 2.4 GHz band.

3) 1T1R mode with data rate up to 150 Mbps 

4) Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM).

CPU and Memory

 1) 32-bit RISC-V single-core processor, up to 160MHz..

 2) Core Mark® score:–1 core at160 MHz, 407.22 Core Mark, 2.55 Core Mark/MHz.

 3) 384KB ROM.

 4) 400KB SRAM (16KB for cache).

 5) 8KB SRAM in RTC.

 6) Access to flash accelerated by cache 

 7) Supports flash In-Circuit Programming (ICP).

Advanced Peripheral Interfaces

1) 15 × programmable GPIOs 

2) Digital interfaces:

– 3× SPI (SPI0 and SPI1 are used to connect the SiP flash. Only SPI2 is available).

– 2×UART

– 1×I2C

– 1×I2S

– Remote control peripheral, with 2 transmit channels and 2 receive channels

– LED PWM controller, with up to 6 channels

– Full-speed USB Serial/JTAG controller

– General DMA controller (GDMA), with 3 transmit channels and 3 receive channels

– 1×TWAI®controller compatible with ISO 11898-1(CAN Specification 2.0) 

3) Analog interfaces:

–2×12-bit SAR ADCs, up to 6 channels

–1× temperature sensor

4) Timers:

–2×54-bit general-purpose timers

–3×watchdog timers

–1×52-bit system timer

Low Power Management

•Power Management Unit with four power modes.

Security

1) Secure boot 

2) Flash encryption 

3) 4096-bit OTP, up to 1792 bits for use 

4) Cryptographic hardware acceleration:

–AES-128/256 (FIPSPUB197) 

5) Permission Control 

6) SHA Accelerator (FIPSPUB180-4) 

7) RSA Accelerator 

8) Random Number Generator (RNG) 

9) HMAC 

10) Digital signature

Applications of ESP8685

• Smart Home

– Light control

– Smart button

– Smart plug

– Indoor positioning.

• Industrial Automation

– Industrial robot

– Mesh network

– Human machine interface (HMI)

– Industrial field bus.

• Health Care

– Health monitor

– Baby monitor.

• Consumer Electronics

– Smart watch and bracelet

– Over-the-top (OTT) devices

– Wi-Fi speaker

– Logger toys and proximity sensing toys.

• Smart Agriculture

– Smart greenhouse

– Smart irrigation

– Agriculture robot.

• Retail and Catering

– POS machines

– Service robot.

• Audio Device

– Internet music players

– Live streaming devices

– Internet radio players.

• Generic Low-power IoT Sensor Hubs 

• Generic Low-power IoT Data Loggers

Conclusion

ESP8685 combines advanced features, low power consumption, and affordability. Its robust connectivity, powerful processing, offer developers endless possibilities for creating innovative smart applications. If you are looking for a Wi-Fi and Bluetooth LE-enabled chip with ultra-low power consumption from Espressif, ESP8685 Wifi Module is a great option to consider.

Wireless technology has revolutionized the way we communicate, connect, and interact with the world around us. With each passing year, advancements in wireless technology continue to shape our lives and open up new possibilities. In this blog, we will explore the top 10 wireless technology trends of the year 2023. Let's dive in!

1. 5G Integration

The rollout of 5G networks is gaining momentum, promising faster speeds, lower latency, and increased capacity. This technology will enable more efficient and reliable communication between devices, clearing the way for enhanced IoT applications, smart cities, autonomous vehicles, and immersive experiences.

2. IoT and Industrial Automation

The convergence of IoT and industrial automation is transforming traditional industries. Wireless technologies empower smart factories, intelligent supply chains, and connected machinery, improving productivity, reducing downtime, and enabling predictive maintenance.

3. Wearable Technology Advancements

Wearable devices like smartwatches, fitness trackers, and health monitors continue to evolve. Wireless connectivity enables seamless integration with other devices, providing real-time health monitoring, activity tracking, and personalized experiences. Furthermore, advancements in battery life and miniaturization enhance the practicality and adoption of wearable technology.

4. Embedded Systems for Smart Homes

Smart homes are becoming increasingly popular, with embedded systems playing a crucial role. Wireless technology enables the integration of home appliances, lighting, security systems, and entertainment devices into a unified ecosystem. This trend enhances convenience, energy efficiency, and overall home automation.

5. Wireless Charging Solutions

The convenience of wireless charging continues to improve, offering a cable-free and hassle-free experience. The development of technologies such as magnetic resonance and radio frequency enables wireless charging for various devices, including smartphones, wearables, and electric vehicles. Expect to see further advancements in charging efficiency and range.

6. Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E

Wi-Fi 6 and the recently introduced Wi-Fi 6E standard provide faster speeds, increased capacity, and reduced congestion in wireless networks. These technologies are designed to accommodate the growing number of connected devices and deliver a seamless wireless experience in homes, offices, and public spaces.

7. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for IoT

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has gained traction in the IoT ecosystem due to its low power consumption and compatibility with a wide range of devices. This wireless technology enables efficient communication between IoT devices, such as smart sensors, wearables, and home automation systems, extending battery life and expanding the possibilities of IoT applications.

8. Advanced Wireless Security Measures

As wireless technology continues to proliferate, the need for robust security measures becomes paramount. Encrypted wireless protocols, biometric authentication, and secure firmware updates are some of the advancements that ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of wireless communication.

9. Wireless Sensor Networks in Agriculture

Wireless sensor networks are transforming the agriculture industry by providing real-time data on soil moisture, temperature, and crop health. These networks enable precise monitoring, automation, and optimization of agricultural processes, leading to improved yields, reduced costs, and sustainable farming practices.

10.  Vehicle-to-everything (V2X)

V2X is a technology that allows vehicles to communicate with each other, as well as with infrastructure, such as traffic lights and road signs. This allows vehicles to share information about their location, speed, and intentions, which can help to prevent accidents.

In order to leverage these wireless technology trends, it is essential to have reliable and high-quality wireless modules. Brands like SIMCOM, Espressif, Allystar, Digi, and HopeRF are prominent players in the wireless module market. These brands offer a wide range of wireless modules catering to various applications and requirements.

If you are looking for reliable and cutting-edge wireless modules, you can explore the product offerings from these brands. Campus Component is a trusted platform that provides a comprehensive selection of wireless modules from renowned brands. You can visit our website to explore their range of products and find the perfect wireless module for your project.

Read Also:  Wireless Charging; Types, Benefits, Applications, and How Does it Works

Conclusion

The wireless technologies are evolving at a rapid pace, and this year brings forth exciting trends with a focus on IoT, embedded systems, and electronics. It is estimated that there will be more than 7 billion wireless devices in use worldwide. From the expansion of 5G and the integration of edge computing to the advancements in wearable technology and wireless charging solutions, the possibilities are endless. By embracing these trends and leveraging reliable wireless modules from trusted brands, you can unlock the full potential of wireless technology in your projects and applications.

For more details on  best in class electronic components reach out to us at Campus Component today

In this blog, you will get to know how to interface the HC-05 Bluetooth module with Arduino UNO. Upon completing the project you will be able to send messages to Arduino and can receive a message back from Arduino. Through this, you are able to establish a communication platform between the Arduino and your Smartphone. 

As the used Internet of Things(IoT) is increasing due to rapid research and development which is unlocking the huge potential of connected devices. The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects i.e “things” that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. And the HC-05 Bluetooth module is the basic low-distance communication device through which we can even build industrial projects.

Before going to build this project let us see the applications we can build with HC-05 Bluetooth Module:

1. Wireless speakers and headphones

2. Wireless mouse and keyboard

3. Car or Home stereo system

4. Smart door locks

5. Smart home automation

6. Swarm robots and robotics

7. And various IoT based projects

Let’s now understand what is Bluetooth technology and the HC-05 Bluetooth module:

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard that is used for the transfer of data between fixed devices over short distances and personal area networks. Bluetooth is a communication protocol that provides cheaper communication in PAN (Personal Area Network). It provides a maximum data rate of 1Mb/S, working in a nominal range of 100 meters with 2.4 GHz frequency.

HC-05 Bluetooth module:

HC-05 is a class-2 Bluetooth module with Serial Port, which can configure as either Master or slave. a Drop-in replacement for wired serial connections, and transparent usage. We can use it simply for a serial port replacement for connection between MCU, PC to your embedded project and etc.

HC-05 Bluetooth module Specification:

• Bluetooth protocol: Bluetooth Specification v2.0+EDR

• Frequency: 2.4GHz ISM band

• Modulation: GFSK(Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying)

• Emission power: ≤4dBm, Class 2

• Sensitivity: ≤-84dBm at 0.1% BER

• Speed: Asynchronous: 2.1Mbps(Max) / 160 kbps, Synchronous: 1Mbps/1Mbps

• Security: Authentication and encryption

• Profiles: Bluetooth serial port

• Power supply: +3.3VDC 50mA

• Working temperature: -20 ~ +75 Centigrade

• Dimension: 26.9mm x 13mm x 2.2 mm

Due to these features, the Bluetooth HC-05 module is majorly used all the way from IoT-grade projects to industrial ones.

Click here to check HC-05 module Details

What is Arduino UNO?

Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 can be used as PWM outputs, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller for IoT projects with Arduino IDE code editor.

· The operating voltage is 5V

· The recommended input voltage will range from 7v to 12V

· The input voltage ranges from 6v to 20V

· Digital input/output pins are 14

· Analog i/p pins are 6

· DC Current for each input/output pin is 40 mA

· DC Current for 3.3V Pin is 50 mA

· Flash Memory is 32 KB

· SRAM is 2 KB

· EEPROM is 1 KB

· CLK Speed is 16 MHz

Let’s now begin to build our project, where we will interface HC-05 Bluetooth Module With 

Arduino Uno:

Requirements:

HC-05 Bluetooth module, Arduino UNO, Jumper wires, 1K and 2K single resistors, Arduino IDE

Interfacing Diagram  of HC-05 with Arduino:

After the successful connection of Arduino UNO and HC-05 Bluetooth module as shown in the above image, we will upload the firmware to the Arduino UNO.

In this project, we will send data from our Smartphone via Bluetooth to the Arduino Uno and display it on the Serial Monitor of the PC.

Let's start Coding:

Open your Arduino IDE software on your PC and connect Arduino to your USB port. After connecting the Arduino UNO board to the PC select an appropriate port and copy/paste the following code into the Arduino IDE editor.

#include<SoftwareSerial.h>

/* Create object named bt of the class SoftwareSerial */ 

SoftwareSerial bt(2,3); /* (Rx,Tx) */

voidsetup(){

 bt.begin(9600);/* Define baud rate for software serial communication */

 Serial.begin(9600);/* Define baud rate for serial communication */

}

voidloop(){

 if (bt.available())/* If data is available on serial port */

 {

 Serial.write(bt.read());/* Print character received on to the serial monitor */

 }

}

After writing, upload the code to the Arduino UNO Board.

For test Purpose download and install the app Bluetooth Terminal which is available on Playstore. We will use this app to connect our smartphone to the HC-05 Bluetooth module.

Conclusion:

Using the above process you can use the HC-05 Bluetooth module for communication purposes as per your requirements.

Once you successfully complete this project using Arduino UNO board, then you can easily try with other microcontrollers like ArduinoMega,UNO,NANO,Atmega328p,Arduino uno R3 as per your need. At Campus Component we are also providing Arduino cable and Arduino shield as per your project requirements

We can make different projects using the HC-05 Bluetooth module and Arduino UNO, eg. in smart agriculture, smart homes, smart sound systems and many applications related to large industries.

If you are looking for electronic components and different microcontrollers, reach out Campus Component today!